Intsimbi yolwakhiwoyimathiriyeli yokwakha esemgangathweni eyenziwe ngamabakala athile entsimbi kwaye iza kuluhlu lweemilo ezinqamlezileyo zomgangatho weshishini (okanye "iiprofayili").Imigangatho yentsimbi yesakhiwo iphuhliswa kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali ezithile kunye neempawu zomatshini ezenzelwe izicelo ezithile.
EYurophu, intsimbi yesakhiwo kufuneka ihambelane nomgangatho waseYurophuEN 10025, elawulwa yi-European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization (ECISS), iqela elincinane leKomiti yoMgangatho waseYurophu (CEN).
Kukho imizekelo emininzi yemigangatho yentsimbi yesakhiwo yaseYurophu, njenge-S195, S235, S275, S355, S420 kunye ne-S460.Kule nqaku, siza kugxininisa ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali, iipropathi zoomatshini kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-S235, i-S275 kunye ne-S355, amabakala amathathu aqhelekileyo ensimbi asetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zokwakha ezahlukeneyo kwi-European Union.
Ngokohlelo lwe-Eurocode, iintsimbi zolwakhiwo kufuneka zikhethwe ngeesimboli eziqhelekileyo ezibandakanya kodwa zingaphelelanga kwi-S, 235, J2, K2, C, Z, W, JR kunye ne-JO, apho:
Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali, kunye nesicelo esihambelanayo, iileta ezongezelelweyo kunye nokuhlelwa kungasetyenziselwa ukuchonga ibakala elithile lentsimbi yesakhiwo okanye imveliso.
Ukuhlelwa kwe-EU ayingomgangatho wehlabathi, ngoko ke amabakala amaninzi afanelekileyo aneempawu ezifanayo zeekhemikhali kunye nezoomatshini anokusetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi.Ngokomzekelo, insimbi yesakhiwo eveliswa kwimarike yase-US kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ze-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).Iikhowudi zamazwe ngamazwe ziqala ngo-"A" zilandelwa yiklasi efanelekileyo, efana ne-A36 okanyeA53.
Kumazwe amaninzi, i-structural steel steel ilawulwa kwaye kufuneka ihlangabezane nemigangatho ethile ecacileyo yokumila, ubukhulu, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye namandla.
Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zentsimbi yesakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kulawulwa kakhulu.Le yeyona nto iphambili emisela iimpawu zemishini yentsimbi.Kwitheyibhile engezantsi unokubona amanqanaba aphezulu epesenti yezinto ezithile ezilungelelanisiweyo ezikhoyo kumanqanaba entsimbi yesakhiwo saseYurophu S235,S275kunye ne-S355.
Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zentsimbi yesakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kulawulwa ngokungqongqo.Yinto esisiseko emisela iimpawu zomatshini zentsimbi.Kwitheyibhile engezantsi ungabona ipesenti ephezulu yezinto ezilawulwayo kwi-Europeanstructural steel grade S235, S275 kunye ne-S355.
Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zentsimbi yesakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu kwiinjineli kwaye ziya kuhluka ukusuka kwibakala ukuya kwelinye kuxhomekeke kusetyenziso olucetywayo.Umzekelo, i-S355K2W yintsimbi eqinileyo yesakhiwo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-K2, kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali ezilungiselelwe ukumelana nemozulu ephezulu - W. Ngoko ke, ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zolu didi lwentsimbi yesakhiwo luhluke kancinane kumgangatho.S355 ibakala.
Iimpawu zemishini yentsimbi yesakhiwo iphantsi kokuhlelwa kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.Nangona ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali yeyona nto ibalulekileyo emisela iimpawu ze-mechanical zentsimbi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ubuncinci bemilinganiselo yeempawu zemishini okanye ukusebenza, njengamandla esivuno kunye namandla okuqina, njengoko kuchazwe ngokubanzi ngezantsi.
Amandla emveliso yentsimbi yesakhiwo ilinganisa amandla amancinci afunekayo ukudala ukuguqulwa okusisigxina kwintsimbi.Ingqungquthela yamagama esetyenziswe kwi-European standard EN10025 ibhekisela kumandla amancinci okuvelisa kwibakala lentsimbi elivavanywe kwi-16 mm ubukhulu.
Amandla okuqina ensimbi yesakhiwo ahambelana nendawo apho ukuguqulwa kwesigxina kwenzeka khona xa izinto zoluliwe okanye zolulwe ngokunqamlezayo ngobude bayo.
Intsimbi yolwakhiwo iza kwiindidi ngeendidi zamabakala, kodwa isoloko ithengiswe kwangaphambili ibe yimilo ethile enqamlezileyo eyenzelwe isicelo esithile.Ngokomzekelo, isinyithi esakhiweyo esithengiswa njenge-I-beams, i-Z-beams, i-box lintels, i-hollow structural sections (HSS), i-L-beams, kunye neeplate zetsimbi ziqhelekileyo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo esifunwayo, injineli ichaza ibakala lentsimbi-ngokuqhelekileyo ukuhlangabezana namandla amancinci, ubunzima obuninzi, kunye neemfuno zemozulu ezinokwenzeka-kunye nesimo secandelo-ngokumalunga nendawo efunekayo kunye nemithwalo elindelekileyo okanye imithwalo.umsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe.
Intsimbi yesakhiwo inezicelo ezininzi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyahluka.Ziluncedo ngakumbi njengoko zibonelela ngendibaniselwano ekhethekileyo ye-weldability elungileyo kunye namandla aqinisekisiweyo.Intsimbi yolwakhiwo yimveliso eguquguqukayo edla ngokuthandwa ziinjineli ezijonge ukwandisa amandla okanye izakhiwo ezimilise okwe-S ngelixa zinciphisa ubunzima bazo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-13-2023